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The pile hammer was a construction that allowed a heavy weight to fall on the top of the pile. Each pile wore a "pile shoe" tip made of iron. A group so hammered was called a "straddle" and atop as well as surrounding the straddle was a pile supported platform called a "starling" which was filled with rubble before the pier and bridge deck were ...
Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.
A pile or piling is a vertical structural element of a deep foundation, driven or drilled deep into the ground at the building site. Deep foundations of The Marina Torch, a skyscraper in Dubai. There are many reasons that a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, such as for a skyscraper.
Wood pilings grouped into a pair of dolphins serving as a protected entryway to a boat basin. A dolphin is a group of pilings arrayed together to serve variously as a protective hardpoint along a dock, in a waterway, or along a shore; as a means or point of stabilization of a dock, bridge, or similar structure; as a mooring point; and as a base for navigational aids.
The piles are connected together with rigid or flexible links, can be attached to the pier, and sometimes are fitted with fenders; [8] floating systems (cable nets and pontoons ) have multiple problems from low efficiency to high construction and maintenance costs and environmental impacts, and are therefore used as a last resort, when the ...
A pile driver is a heavy-duty tool used to drive piles into soil to build piers, bridges, cofferdams, and other "pole" supported structures, and patterns of pilings as part of permanent deep foundations for buildings or other structures. Pilings may be made of wood, solid steel, or tubular steel (often later filled with concrete), and may be ...
In architecture, a starling (or sterling) is a defensive bulwark, usually built with pilings or bricks or blocks of stone, surrounding the supports (or piers) of a bridge or similar construction. Starlings may be shaped to ease the flow of the water around the bridge, reducing the damage caused by erosion or collisions with flood-borne debris ...
Gien Bridge (Loiret, France) – Masonry piers, protected downstream here by backwaters. In masonry bridge piers, there is a resistant part and a filling part: [6] The periphery of the shafts over a certain thickness constitutes the resistant part, made of dressed stones in the angles and squared or even rough stones.