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Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Nonribosomal peptides are also found in higher organisms, such as nudibranchs , but are thought to be made by bacteria inside these organisms. [ 1 ]
The nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), a multi-modular enzyme complex, minimally contains repeating, tri-domains (adenylation (A), peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) and lastly condensation(C)). The adenylation domain (A) is the focus for substrate specificity since it is the initiating and substrate recognition domain.
Some proteins are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases, which can be big protein complexes, each specializing in synthesizing only one type of peptide. Nonribosomal peptides often have cyclic and/or branched structures and can contain non- proteinogenic amino acids - both of these factors differentiate them from ribosome synthesized ...
The three main classes of fungal secondary metabolites are: polyketides, nonribosomal peptides and terpenes. Although fungal secondary metabolites are not required for growth they play an essential role in survival of fungi in their ecological niche. [33] The most known fungal secondary metabolite is penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming ...
Microcystins are small nonribosomal peptides.In Microcystis aeruginosa microcystin-LR is synthesized by proteins that encoded by a 55 kb microcystin-gene cluster (mcy) that contains 6 large (over 3 kb) genes that encode proteins with polyketide synthase activity, nonribosomal peptide synthase activity (mcyA-E and G) and 4 smaller genes (mcyF and H-J).
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