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Gully erosion can progress through a variety and combination of processes. The erosion processes include incision and bank erosion by water flow, mass movement of saturated or unsaturated bank or wall material, groundwater seepage - sapping the overlying material, collapse of soil pipes or tunnels in dispersive soils, or a combination of these ...
A gully in Calabar, Nigeria. Impact of gully erosion. The Nigerian gully erosion crisis has been underway since before 1980. It is an ecological, environmental, economic, and humanitarian disaster resulting in land degradation, as well as the loss of lives and properties worth millions of dollars.
Headward erosion is a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley or a gully at its head and also enlarges its drainage basin. The stream erodes away at the rock and soil at its headwaters in the opposite direction that it flows. Once a stream has begun to cut back, the erosion is sped up by the steep gradient the water is ...
Gully erosion occurs when runoff water accumulates and rapidly flows in narrow channels during or immediately after heavy rains or melting snow, removing soil to a considerable depth. [12] [13] [14] Another cause of gully erosion is grazing, which often results in ground compaction. Because the soil is exposed, it loses the ability to absorb ...
Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion (the most severe of the four). [10]: 60–61 [13] In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, [14] ejecting soil particles. [4]
A ravine is the final step in gully erosion, formed when a stream has eroded so severely it forms a deep cut in the earth. [3] A gully can be classified as a ravine after it reaches a large depth, typically in excess of 5 metres (16 ft). [4]
The community has a gully erosion site popularly known as Ibo Ebenator which is one of the deepest gully erosion sites in the entire south-eastern Nigeria. The dangerous gully erosion, which is over 120 ft (37 m) deep from the normal topographical terrain, and which has a length span of about 2.6 mi (4.2 km), has been one of the greatest ...
Increased Erosion: Loss of soil's natural vegetation cover due to desertification is a major driver of soil erosion, with wind and water erosion causing widespread degradation (Katsina State survey). Gully erosion, previously less significant in Nigeria, has increased significantly, resulting in damage to agricultural lands. [62]