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Modern RNN networks are mainly based on two architectures: LSTM and BRNN. [32] At the resurgence of neural networks in the 1980s, recurrent networks were studied again. They were sometimes called "iterated nets". [33] Two early influential works were the Jordan network (1986) and the Elman network (1990), which applied RNN to study cognitive ...
The random neural network (RNN) [1] is a mathematical representation of an interconnected network of neurons or cells which exchange spiking signals. It was invented by Erol Gelenbe and is linked to the G-network model of queueing networks as well as to Gene Regulatory Network models. Each cell state is represented by an integer whose value ...
In theory, classic RNNs can keep track of arbitrary long-term dependencies in the input sequences. The problem with classic RNNs is computational (or practical) in nature: when training a classic RNN using back-propagation, the long-term gradients which are back-propagated can "vanish", meaning they can tend to zero due to very small numbers creeping into the computations, causing the model to ...
The physiology of plant memory is documented in many studies and is understood to have four main physiological mechanisms that work together in synchrony to provide the plant with basic memory functions, and are thought to be precursors to advanced memory functions found in animals. These four mechanisms are the storing and recalling ...
In this work, the residual connection was the form () + (), where is a randomly-initialized projection connection. They termed it a "short-cut connection". They termed it a "short-cut connection". The long short-term memory (LSTM) cell can process data sequentially and keep its hidden state through time.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal networks are those in which fungal hyphae not only enter the plant's roots but also penetrate into the cells themselves. Ectomycorrhizal networks send hyphae into the roots where they thread their way between the plant cells but do not penetrate cell walls. The arbuscular type is the most common among land plants and is ...
Plant intelligence (also known as plant cognition or plant neurobiology) is a field of plant biology which aims to understand how plants process the information they obtain from their environment. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Plant neurobiological researchers claim that plants possess abilities associated with cognition including anticipation, decision ...
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.