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The axle load of a wheeled vehicle is the total weight bearing on the roadway for all wheels connected to a given axle.Axle load is an important design consideration in the engineering of roadways and railways, as both are designed to tolerate a maximum weight-per-axle (axle load); exceeding the maximum rated axle load will cause damage to the roadway or railway tracks.
Route availability for a vehicle (locomotive or wagon) is generally based upon its axle loading. That is, how much of the laden weight of the vehicle is distributed on each axle. The more weight on each axle, the higher the RA number, and the more restricted the vehicle is. For wagons it is normal to have different RAs when running empty and full.
Containers have weight limits designed to allow their transport by road trucks, which have lower weight limits than trains. Outside the U.S., a common limit for railways is 8 tonnes per metre (8.1 short ton/yd; 7.2 long ton/yd) train length and 22.5 tonnes (22.1 long tons; 24.8 short tons) per axle. A four axle container car can take 90 tonnes ...
Each standard tracked vehicle is also defined in terms of track width, length, and spacing. Standard wheeled vehicles are designated by the same MLC numbers (4 through 150), which correspond to about 85% of the gross weight in short tons. Each standard wheeled vehicle is defined in terms of gross weight, number of axles, axle spacing, and axle ...
an axle load of more than 10 tonnes for a single non-driving axle and 11.5 tonnes for a single driving axle; a width of more than 2.9 metres; a rigid length of more than 18.65 metres; Anyone wishing to transport an abnormal load must notify the police, highway authorities and any on-route bridge and structure owners such as Network Rail. [14]
Increasing axle load limits have allowed some of the heavier loads formerly assigned to two-bay hoppers to be assigned to larger, more efficient three-bay hoppers. Some covered hopper cars retain the conventional centersill as a strength member transmitting compression and tension forces from one car to the next.
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Maximum load on class C route: m > 30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons) [note 4] F, O, U, Z: Maximum load on class C route: m > 30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons) for twin-axled wagons / m > 40 t (39 long tons; 44 short tons) for three-axled wagons [note 4] Ia, La: maximum load at limit of load C: m > 40 t (39 long tons; 44 short tons) [note 4]