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Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of chest pain or dysphagia as well as nonpropulsive (tertiary) contractions on radiographs. [ 5 ] Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain.
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized as a motility disorder of the esophagus, meaning that it is caused by abnormal movement, or peristalsis of the esophagus. [2] People with motility disorders present with two main symptoms: chest pain or difficulty with swallowing. Chest pain is the more common.
Pyridostigmine is a pharmaceutical treatment option for patients with AGID. [3] In severe cases patients with AGID are required to abandon eating foods, requiring them to get nourishment through a process called parenteral nutrition , where the patient is fed via a permanent IV and the liquid nourishment is infused directly in the blood stream ...
Spastic motility disorders include diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), nutcracker esophagus, hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, and nonspecific spastic esophageal motility disorders (NEMD). DES can be caused by many factors that affect muscular or neural functions, including acid reflux, stress, hot or cold food, or carbonated drinks.
Treatment primarily consists of addressing the underlying cause of EGJOO. [2] For example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis is treated with proton pump inhibitors. Esophageal rings or strictures may be treated with esophageal dilation. Simple observation may be considered, [5] especially if symptoms are minimal or ...
Esophageal achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). [5] It is characterized by incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move food down the esophagus) in the absence of ...
Abnormal motility Studies have shown altered muscle contractility and tone, bowel compliance, and transit may contribute to many of the gastrointestinal symptoms of FGID which may include diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting. [20] Visceral hypersensitivity In FGID there is poor association of pain with GI motility in many functional GI disorders.
Treatment targets nutritional support, improving intestinal motility, and minimizing surgical intervention. [4] Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine can occur in chronic cases – presenting as malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutrient deficiencies [12] – which may require the use of antibiotics.