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Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of chest pain or dysphagia as well as nonpropulsive (tertiary) contractions on radiographs. [ 5 ] Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain.
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized as a motility disorder of the esophagus, meaning that it is caused by abnormal movement, or peristalsis of the esophagus. [2] People with motility disorders present with two main symptoms: chest pain or difficulty with swallowing. Chest pain is the more common.
Pyridostigmine is a pharmaceutical treatment option for patients with AGID. [3] In severe cases patients with AGID are required to abandon eating foods, requiring them to get nourishment through a process called parenteral nutrition , where the patient is fed via a permanent IV and the liquid nourishment is infused directly in the blood stream ...
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by increased pressure where the esophagus connects to the stomach at the lower esophageal sphincter. EGJOO is diagnosed by esophageal manometry.
Spastic motility disorders include diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), nutcracker esophagus, hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, and nonspecific spastic esophageal motility disorders (NEMD). DES can be caused by many factors that affect muscular or neural functions, including acid reflux, stress, hot or cold food, or carbonated drinks.
Esophageal achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). [5] It is characterized by incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move food down the esophagus) in the absence of ...
Treatment targets nutritional support, improving intestinal motility, and minimizing surgical intervention. [4] Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine can occur in chronic cases – presenting as malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutrient deficiencies [12] – which may require the use of antibiotics.
These factors can be grouped into four categories: (1) motility disorders, impaired movement of the small bowel, or anatomical changes that lead to stasis (a state in which the normal flow of a body liquid stops); (2) disorders of the immune system; (3) interference with the production of proteolytic enzymes, gastric acid, or bile; and (4 ...