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Alfonso was born to Sancho III of Castile and Blanche, in Soria on 11 November 1155. [7] He was named after his grandfather Alfonso VII of León and Castile, who divided his kingdoms between his sons. This division set the stage for conflict in the family until the kingdoms were re-united by Alfonso VIII's grandson, Ferdinand III of Castile. [8]
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The border of the Tagus had been overwhelmed in the second half of the 12th century because Alfonso VIII of Castile was advancing towards the Júcar. [1] He besieged Cuenca in 1172 but, after five months of siege, the caliph Abu Yaqub forced the Castilian to lift the siege by attacking Huete. [2]
Alfonso VIII took the opportunity and began a counter-offensive in Cuenca, [2] from which came great danger since the Almohads used it as an outpost in their continuous attacks against Castile. [3] The city was well fortified so Alfonso VIII, with the help of Alfonso II of Aragon, carried out a long siege and captured it in 1177.
On 2 January 1187, Pope Clement III issued a papal bull authorising the founding of a monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary. [2] In June of the same year, Alfonso VIII of Castile, [3] [2] at the behest of his wife, Eleanor of England, daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine granted the foundational charter stipulating that the monastery was to be governed by the Cistercian Order.
Alfonso VIII the Noble King of Castile 1155–1214 r. 1158–1214: Sancho I King of Portugal 1154–1212: Sancho 1181: Henry 1184: Ferdinand 1189–1211: Mafalda 1191–1211: Constance c. 1202 –1243: Eleanor 1200–1244: James I the Conqueror King of Aragon 1208–1276: Henry I King of Castile 1204–1217 r. 1214–1217: Berengaria Queen of ...
In August 1212, the major Andalusian city of Úbeda was besieged and captured by an army of crusaders led by Alfonso VIII of Castile. The conquest came as an aftermath of the crusader victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. [1] The Muslim inhabitants of the town negotiated a peaceful surrender of the town to which Alphonso initially agreed.
In 1258, parts of the Alcázar had to be rebuilt by King Alfonso X after a cave-in and the Hall of Kings was built to house Parliament soon after. [citation needed] However, the single largest contributor to the continuing construction of the Alcázar was King John II of Castile who built the "New Tower" (John II tower as it is known today).