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Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission or Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) is a technique used for determining the elemental composition of a material or a sample.When a material is exposed to an ion beam, atomic interactions occur that give off EM radiation of wavelengths in the x-ray part of the electromagnetic spectrum specific to an element.
In radiotherapy, a percentage depth dose curve (PDD) (sometimes percent depth dose curve) relates the absorbed dose deposited by a radiation beam into a medium as it varies with depth along the axis of the beam.
Pacific Data Images (PDI) was an American computer animation and visual effects production company based in Redwood City, California, that was bought by DreamWorks SKG in 2000. It was renamed PDI/DreamWorks and was owned by DreamWorks Animation .
A point diffraction interferometer (PDI) [1] [2] [3] is a type of common-path interferometer. Unlike an amplitude-splitting interferometer , such as a Michelson interferometer , which separates out an unaberrated beam and interferes this with the test beam, a common-path interferometer generates its own reference beam.
Ptychography can be used with visible light, X-rays, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or electrons. Unlike conventional lens imaging, ptychography is unaffected by lens-induced aberrations or diffraction effects caused by limited numerical aperture [citation needed]. This is particularly important for atomic-scale wavelength imaging, where it is ...
X-ray absorption (left) and differential phase-contrast (right) image of an in-ear headphone obtained with a grating interferometer at 60kVp. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images.
Electron beam interactions with a sample, X-rays are one of the possible products. X-rays are generated when an electron beam of high enough energy dislodges an electron from an inner orbital within an atom or ion, creating a void. This void is filled when an electron from a higher orbital releases energy and drops down to replace the dislodged ...
Protein disulfide-isomerase has two catalytic thioredoxin-like domains (active sites), each containing the canonical CGHC motif, and two non catalytic domains. [4] [5] [6] This structure is similar to the structure of enzymes responsible for oxidative folding in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria; an example of this is mitochondrial IMS import and assembly (Mia40), which has 2 ...