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In 1860, the Vienna Philharmonic elected Otto Dessoff to be its subscription conductor, a position he held until 1875. The Vienna-based music critic, newspaper editor, and biographer Max Kalbeck wrote in 1908 that the fame and excellence of the Vienna Philharmonic resulted from Dessoff's "energy and sense of purpose." [2]
The term 'music director' is more common in the US and Canada, whereas 'principal conductor' or 'chief conductor' is more prevalent elsewhere. In German-speaking countries, the title of General Music Director ( Generalmusikdirektor / Generalmusikdirektorin ) is used for conductors who are the music director of multiple musical institutions in a ...
James Joule was born in 1818, the son of Benjamin Joule (1784–1858), a wealthy brewer, and his wife, Alice Prescott, on New Bailey Street in Salford. [3] Joule was tutored as a young man by the famous scientist John Dalton and was strongly influenced by chemist William Henry and Manchester engineers Peter Ewart and Eaton Hodgkinson.
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (/ ˈ v ɑː ɡ n ər / VAHG-nər; [1] [2] German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] ⓘ; 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas").
Leonard Bernstein (/ ˈ b ɜːr n s t aɪ n / BURN-styne; [1] born Louis Bernstein; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian. Considered to be one of the most important conductors of his time, he was the first American-born conductor to receive international ...
Marriner conducting in the 1980s. Sir Neville Marriner, CH, CBE (15 April 1924 – 2 October 2016) was an English conductor and violinist. Described as "one of the world's greatest conductors", Gramophone lists Marriner as one of the 50 greatest conductors and another compilation ranks Marriner #14 of the 18 "Greatest and Most Famous Conductors of All Time".
Jaap van Zweden SBS (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjaːp fɑn ˈzʋeːdə(n)]; born 12 December 1960) is a Dutch conductor and violinist. He is currently music director of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra , the New York Philharmonic , and the Seoul Philharmonic .
Gustav Heinrich Ernst Martin Wilhelm Furtwängler (UK: / ˈ f ʊər t v ɛ ŋ ɡ l ər / FOORT-veng-glər, US: /-v ɛ ŋ l ər /-lər, German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʊɐ̯tvɛŋlɐ] ⓘ; 25 January 1886 – 30 November 1954) was a German conductor and composer. He is regarded as one of the greatest symphonic and operatic conductors of the 20th ...