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In more modern times, these works include the Alexander von Humboldt (Kosmos) in the nineteenth century, in which geography is regarded as a physical and natural science through the work Summa de Geografía of Martín Fernández de Enciso from the early sixteenth century, which indicated for the first time the New World.
Natural resource regions can be a topic of physical geography or environmental geography, but also have a strong element of human geography and economic geography. A coal region, for example, is a physical or geomorphological region, but its development and exploitation can make it into an economic and a cultural region.
The discipline of geography, especially physical geography, and geology have significant overlap. In the past, the two have often shared academic departments at universities, a point that has led to conflict over resources. [126] Both disciplines do seek to understand the rocks on the Earth's surface and the processes that change them over time.
(Definitions of "continents" are a physical and cultural construct dating back centuries, long before the advent or even knowledge of plate tectonics; thus, defining a "continent" falls into the realm of physical and cultural geography (i.e. geopolitics), while continental plate definitions fall under plate tectonics in the realm of geology.)
JetPunk is an online trivia and quizzing website. The service offers a variety of quizzes in different topics, such as geography, history, science, geography, and music. [2] [3] The site offers quizzes in a variety of languages, including: Australian, Quebecois, Guatemalan, Surinamese, Neapolitan, Bavarian, "Finnish" , Brasilian, Syrian, Taiwanese, Transylvanian and Kashubian. [4]
Physiographic Map from "Geography of Ohio," published in 1923. During the early 1900s, the study of regional-scale geomorphology was termed "physiography". Physiography later was considered to be a portmanteau of "physical" and "geography", and therefore synonymous with physical geography, and the concept became embroiled in controversy surrounding the appropriate concerns of that discipline.
Weathering is the chemical and physical disruption of earth materials in place on exposure to atmospheric or near surface agents, and is typically studied by soil scientists and environmental chemists, but is an essential component of geomorphology because it is what provides the material that can be moved in the first place.
If all of Earth's crustal surface were at the same elevation as a smooth sphere, the depth of the resulting world ocean would be 2.7 to 2.8 km (1.68 to 1.74 mi). [195] About 97.5% of the water is saline; the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. [196] [197] Most fresh water, about 68.7%, is present as ice in ice caps and glaciers. [198]