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The Huolongjing (traditional Chinese: 火龍經; simplified Chinese: 火龙经; pinyin: Huǒ Lóng Jīng; Wade-Giles: Huo Lung Ching; rendered in English as Fire Drake Manual or Fire Dragon Manual), also known as Huoqitu (“Firearm Illustrations”), is a Chinese military treatise compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen of the early Ming dynasty (1368–1683) during the 14th century.
The walls of the powder chamber are noticeably thicker to better withstand the explosive pressure of the gunpowder. [7] The powder chamber also has a touch hole, a small hole for the fuse that ignites the gunpowder. [8] Behind the gunpowder chamber is a socket shaped like a trumpet where the handle of the hand cannon is inserted. [6]
The cannon was likely a parallel development or evolution of the fire-lance, a 12th-century gunpowder weapon that combined a tube of gunpowder with a polearm weapon. [3] This early fire lance is not considered a true gun because it did not include projectiles, whereas a gun by definition uses "the explosive force of the gunpowder to propel a ...
Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty; Military of the Yuan dynasty; Wuwei Bronze Cannon, late Western Xia (1214–1227). Heilongjiang hand cannon, circa 1287–1288. Huo Chong, Chinese term for hand cannon. Hu Dun Pao, a term refers to cannon and trebuchet.
Bronze cannon with inscription dated the 3rd year of the Zhiyuan era (1332) of the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368); discovered in Beijing in 1935. The earliest artistic depiction of what might be a hand cannon—a rock sculpture found among the Dazu Rock Carvings—is dated to 1128, much earlier than any recorded or precisely dated archaeological samples, so it is possible that the concept of a ...
Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge , effective range , mobility , rate of fire , angle of fire and firepower ; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the ...
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Heilongjiang hand cannon, hand cannon, ca. 1287–1288. Xanadu gun, a bowl-mouthed cannon, 1298. Huochong, Chinese term for hand cannon. Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty; Military of the Yuan dynasty