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Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain or pressure, usually caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium). [2] It is most commonly a symptom of coronary artery disease. [2] Angina is typically the result of partial obstruction or spasm of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. [3]
Video explanation. Author: Tanner Marshall, MS Editor: Rishi Desai, MD, MPH Angina comes from the latin angere, which means to strangle, and pectoris comes from pectus, meaning chest—so angina pectoris loosely translates to “strangling of the chest”, which actually makes a lot of sense, because angina pectoris is caused by reduced blood flow which causes ischemia to the heart muscle, or ...
Chronic inflammation Various markers of low-grade chronic inflammation have been found in cases of coronary vasospasm. [14] [15] In addition to this, one of the risk factors for coronary vasospasm is smoking. [9] [10] Chronic inflammation due to smoking has been shown to be damaging to endothelial cell function. [16] Oxidative Stress
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies. [1] The most common symptom is centrally located pressure-like chest pain , often radiating to the left shoulder [ 2 ] or angle of the jaw, and associated with nausea and ...
Atherosclerosis is caused by damage to your arteries that triggers a cascade of events that leads to plaque build-up. Once your endothelium is damaged, your body produces inflammation as a defense ...
Variant angina is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries due to contraction of the heart's smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls. [3] In comparison, stable angina is caused by the permanent occlusion of these vessels by atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries. [4]
Myocardial infarction complications may occur immediately following a myocardial infarction (heart attack) (in the acute phase), or may need time to develop (a chronic problem). After an infarction, an obvious complication is a second infarction, which may occur in the domain of another atherosclerotic coronary artery, or in the same zone if ...
[11] [12] Further, this adrenaline surge triggers the arteries to tighten, thereby raising blood pressure and placing more stress on the heart, and may lead to spasm of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. [10] This impairs the arteries from delivering adequate blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle. [10]