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Manganese(II) chloride is the dichloride salt of manganese, MnCl 2.This inorganic chemical exists in the anhydrous form, as well as the dihydrate (MnCl 2 ·2H 2 O) and tetrahydrate (MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O), with the tetrahydrate being the most common form.
2H 2 O → O 2 + 4H + + 4e − Oxidation (generation of dioxygen) 4H + + 4e − → 2H 2 Reduction (generation of dihydrogen) 2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2 Total Reaction Of the two half reactions, the oxidation step is the most demanding because it requires the coupling of 4 electron and proton transfers and the formation of an oxygen-oxygen bond.
Mn has been oxidised to 4+, and MnO(OH) 2 appears as a brown precipitate. There is some uncertainty about whether the oxidised manganese is tetravalent or trivalent. Some sources claim that Mn(OH) 3 is the brown precipitate, but hydrated MnO 2 may also give the brown colour. 4 Mn(OH) 2 (s) + O 2 (aq) + 2 H 2 O → 4 Mn(OH) 3 (s)
For oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, one will need to add H + ions to balance the hydrogen ions in the half reaction. For oxidation-reduction reactions in basic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, first treat it as an acidic solution and then add OH − ...
It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, for example, for the oxidation of allylic alcohols. MnO 2 has an α-polymorph that can incorporate a variety of atoms (as well as water molecules) in the "tunnels" or "channels" between the manganese oxide octahedra. There is considerable interest in α-MnO 2 as a possible cathode for lithium-ion ...
The reaction is usually initiated by copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2), which is the most common catalyst in the production of 1,2-dichloroethane.In some cases, CuCl 2 is supported on silica in presence of KCl, LaCl 3, or AlCl 3 as cocatalysts.
The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids normally proceeds via the corresponding aldehyde, which is transformed via an aldehyde hydrate (gem-diol, R-CH(OH) 2) by reaction with water. Thus, the oxidation of a primary alcohol at the aldehyde level without further oxidation to the carboxylic acid is possible by performing the reaction ...
An agent's oxidation state describes its degree of loss of electrons, where the higher the oxidation state then the fewer electrons it has. So initially, prior to the reaction, a reducing agent is typically in one of its lower possible oxidation states; its oxidation state increases during the reaction while that of the oxidizer decreases.