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Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair .
Aortic valvuloplasty, also known as balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), is a procedure used to improve blood flow through the aortic valve in conditions that cause aortic stenosis, or narrowing of the aortic valve. It can be performed in various patient populations including fetuses, newborns, children, adults, and pregnant women.
Tissue heart valves are usually made from animal tissue (heterografts) mounted on a metal or polymer support. [14] Bovine (cow) tissue is most commonly used, but some are made from porcine (pig) tissue. [15] The tissue is treated to prevent rejection and calcification (where calcium builds up on the replacement valve and stops it working ...
Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair or valve replacement. [citation needed]
The repairing process of the artificial heart valve regurgitation and stenosis usually requires an open-heart surgery, and a repair or partial replacement of regurgitant valves is usually preferred. [24] Researchers are investigating catheter-based surgery that allows repair of an artificial heart valve without large incisions. [33]
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve. The mitral valve may need to be replaced because: [1] The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation) The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)
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