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Resin acids occur in nature as tacky, yellowish gums consisting of several compounds. They are water-insoluble. A common resin acid is abietic acid. [1] Resin acids are used to produce soaps for diverse applications, but their use is being displaced increasingly by synthetic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or petroleum-derived naphthenic acids.
Structure of abietic acid, a component of rosin. Rosin is the principal component has been used for centuries as a flux for soldering. (Abietic acid in the flux removes oxidation from the surfaces of metals, increasing their ability to bond with the liquified solder.) Is approved by the US FDA as a miscellaneous food additive. [7]
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. [1] Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds, and predominantly terpenes. Well known resins include amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac.
oleo-gum-resins (a mixture of gums, resins and essential oils), oleo-resins (a mixture of resins and essential oils, e. g. capsicum, ginger and aspidinol), balsams (resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic and/or benzoic acid or their esters), glycoresins (podophyllin, jalap, kava kava), fossil resins (amber, asphaltite, Utah resin).
Pimaric acid is a carboxylic acid that is classified as a resin acid. It is a major component of the rosin obtained from pine trees. [1] [2] When heated above 100 °C, pimaric acid converts to abietic acid, which it usually accompanies in mixtures like rosin. It is soluble in alcohols, acetone, and ethers. The compound is colorless, but almost ...
Abietic acid is considered a "nonhazardous natural substance" in tall oil ("liquid rosin"). [5] In the U.S., abietic acid is listed in the inventory of the Toxic Substances Control Act. Abietic acid is the primary irritant in pine wood and resin. As a contact allergen [9] it is the cause of abietic acid dermatitis.
Turpentine (which is also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, terebenthine, terebenthene, terebinthine and, colloquially, turps) [2] is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, mainly pines. Principally used as a specialized solvent, it is also a source of material for organic syntheses.
Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid form. Tar is sometimes used interchangeably with pitch, but generally refers to a more liquid substance derived from coal production, including coal tar, or from plants, as in pine tar. [2]