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Denudation rates are usually much lower than the rates of uplift and average orogeny rates can be eight times the maximum average denudation. [24] The only areas at which there could be equal rates of denudation and uplift are active plate margins with an extended period of continuous deformation. [25] Denudation is measured in catchment-scale ...
It is calculated as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (K a), in a given period of time, to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (K s), in the same period. The latter are assumed to be neutral, so that the ratio indicates the net balance between deleterious and beneficial mutations.
The dissociation rate constant is defined using K off. [2] The Michaelis-Menten constant is denoted by K m and is represented by the equation K m = (K off + K cat)/ K on [definition needed]. The rates that the enzyme binds and dissociates from the substrate are represented by K on and K off respectively.
The most important inference derived from the steady state equation and the equation for fractional change over time is that the elimination rate constant (k e) or the sum of rate constants that apply in a model determine the time course for change in mass when a system is perturbed (either by changing the rate of inflow or production, or by ...
Since the system of equations is often underdetermined, there can be multiple possible solutions. To obtain a single solution, the flux that maximizes a reaction of interest, such as biomass or ATP production, is selected. Linear programming is then used to calculate one of the possible solutions of fluxes corresponding to the steady state.
One equation used to analyze biological exponential growth uses the birth and death rates in a population. If, in a hypothetical population of size N, the birth rates (per capita) are represented as b and death rates (per capita) as d, then the increase or decrease in N during a time period t will be = ()
where k is the reaction rate constant. Such a decay rate arises from a first-order reaction where the rate of elimination is proportional to the amount of the substance: [39] =. The half-life for this process is [39] = .
This rate, which is never attained, refers to the hypothetical case in which all enzyme molecules are bound to substrate. , known as the turnover number or catalytic constant, normally expressed in s –1, is the limiting number of substrate molecules converted to product per enzyme molecule per unit of time. Further addition of substrate would ...