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While the Latin term itself originates in scholasticism, it reflects the Aristotelian view of man as a creature distinguished by a rational principle.In the Nicomachean Ethics I.13, Aristotle states that the human being has a rational principle (Greek: λόγον ἔχον), on top of the nutritive life shared with plants, and the instinctual life shared with other animals, i. e., the ability ...
Aristotle gave equal weight to women's happiness as he did to men's, commenting in Rhetoric that a society cannot be happy unless women are happy too. [1] Aristotle believed that in nature a common good came of the rule of a superior being; he states in Politics that "By nature the female has been distinguished from the slave. For nature makes ...
Animal symbolicum ("symbol-making" or "symbolizing animal") is a definition for humans proposed by the German neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer.. The tradition since Aristotle has defined a human being as animal rationale (a rational animal).
An essentialist notion of human nature – "Human nature is the set of properties that are separately necessary and jointly sufficient for being a human." These properties are also usually considered as distinctive of human beings. They are also intrinsic to humans and inherent to their essence. [95]
Various theorists even see rationality as the essence of being human, often in an attempt to distinguish humans from other animals. [6] [8] [9] However, this strong affirmation has been subjected to many criticisms, for example, that humans are not rational all the time and that non-human animals also show diverse forms of intelligence. [6]
The first being the exclusion of women philosophers from history and philosophy texts, which leads to a lack of knowledge about women philosophers among philosophy students. The second problem deals with what the canonical philosophers had to say about philosophy and women's place in it.
The assumptions that social exchange theory makes about human nature include the following: [29] Humans seek rewards and avoid punishments. Humans are rational beings. The standards that humans use to evaluate costs and rewards vary over time and from person to person.
Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance, which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethic based on human and other natural values in the spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities.