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Tooth wear is predominantly the result of a combination of three processes; attrition, abrasion and erosion. [3] These forms of tooth wear can further lead to a condition known as abfraction , [ 3 ] where by tooth tissue is 'fractured' due to stress lesions caused by extrinsic forces on the enamel.
Thus, if erosion and bruxism both exist, surface loss due to attrition is faster. Severe attrition in young patients is usually associated with erosive factors in their diets. [7] The different physiological processes of tooth wear (abrasion, attrition and erosion) usually occur simultaneously and rarely work individually.
This article was the first to establish abfraction as a new form of lesion, differing from abrasion, attrition, and erosion. [ 2 ] Tooth tissue is gradually weakened causing tissue loss through fracture and chipping or successively worn away leaving a non-carious lesion on the tooth surface.
The aetiology of dental abrasion can be due to a single stimulus or, as in most cases, multi-factorial. [6] The most common cause of dental abrasion is the combination of mechanical and chemical wear. Tooth brushing is the most common cause of dental abrasion, which is found to develop along the gingival margin, due to vigorous brushing in this ...
Acid erosion is a type of tooth wear. It is defined as the irreversible loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. [ 1 ] Dental erosion is the most common chronic condition of children ages 5–17, [ 2 ] although it is only relatively recently that it has been recognised as a dental health problem. [ 3 ]
Traditionally, the believed aetiological causes for NCCL have been erosion and abrasion. [2] However, in the past few decades, abfraction has been implicated as a possible contributing factor of NCCLs as well. Bartlett and Shah propose that NCCLs arise from a combination of all three factors: erosion, abrasion and possibly abfraction as well. [3]
Abfraction is another type of tooth wear that is postulated to occur with bruxism, although some still argue whether this type of tooth wear is a reality. [15] Abfraction cavities are said to occur usually on the facial aspect of teeth, in the cervical region as V-shaped defects caused by flexing of the tooth under occlusal forces.
Attrition is the process of erosion that occurs during rock collision and transportation. The transportation of sediment chips and smooths the surfaces of bedrock; this can be through water or wind. [1] Rocks undergoing attrition erosion are often found on or near the bed of a stream. [2]