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A "search" occurs for purposes of the Fourth Amendment when the Government violates a person's "reasonable expectation of privacy". [3] In Katz v. United States , 389 U.S. 347 (1967) Justice Harlan issued a concurring opinion articulating the two-prong test later adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court as the test for determining whether a police or ...
Political subjectivity is a term used to indicate the deeply embedded nature of subjectivity and subjective experience in a socially constructed system of power and meaning. The notion of political subjectivity is an emerging idea in social sciences and humanities .
"Information quality" is a measure of the value which the information provides to the user of that information. [1] "Quality" is often perceived as subjective and the quality of information can then vary among users and among uses of the information. Nevertheless, a high degree of quality increases its objectivity or at least the ...
In public corporate finance, a critical accounting policy is a policy for a firm/company or an industry that is considered to have a notably high subjective element, and that has a material impact on the financial statements. [citation needed] It has been argued that policies ought to be evidence-based.
Position papers in academia enable discussion on emerging topics without the experimentation and original research normally present in an academic paper.Commonly, such a document will substantiate the opinions or positions put forward with evidences from an extensive objective discussion of the topic.
1.4(b) foreign government information; 1.4(c) intelligence activities, sources, or methods, or cryptology; 1.4(d) foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States, including confidential sources; 1.4(e) scientific, technological or economic matters relating to national security; which includes defense against transnational terrorism;
Public records are documents or pieces of information that are not considered confidential and generally pertain to the conduct of government. Depending on jurisdiction, examples of public records includes information pertaining to births, deaths, marriages, and documented transaction with government agencies.
The government's goal must be something that it is acceptable for the government to pursue. The legislation must use reasonable means to the government's goals but not necessarily the best. Under a rational basis test, the burden of proof is on the challenger so laws are rarely overturned by a rational basis test.