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Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Its protective, icosahedral capsid has an external portion that contains sixty copies of viral proteins (VP1,-2,-3) and an internal portion surrounding the RNA genome containing sixty copies of VP4 viral proteins.
Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A (and the term "herpangina virus" refers to coxsackievirus A), [1] but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses. [2] Most cases of herpangina occur in the summer, [3] affecting mostly children. However, it occasionally occurs in adolescents and adults.
Other researchers found this interference can be mediated by a substance produced by the host animal, a protein now known as interferon. Interferon has since become prominent in the treatment of a variety of cancers and infectious diseases. In 2007, an outbreak of coxsackievirus occurred in eastern China. It has been reported that 22 children died.
Hand, foot and mouth disease most commonly occurs in children under the age of 10 [4] [19] and more often under the age of 5, but it can also affect adults with varying symptoms. [20] It tends to occur in outbreaks during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. [6] This is believed to be due to heat and humidity improving spread. [22]
Coxsackie B infections usually do not cause serious disease, although for newborns in the first 1–2 weeks of life, Coxsackie B infections can easily be fatal. [2] The pancreas is a frequent target, which can cause pancreatitis. [2] Coxsackie B3 (CB3) infections are the most common enterovirus cause of myocarditis and sudden cardiac death. [8]
RSV typically causes cold-like symptoms in adults, and can be as contagious as the common cold.
Coxsackievirus group A is known for causing hand-foot-and-mouth diseases while Group B, which contains six serotypes, can cause a varying range of symptoms like gastrointestinal distress myocarditis. Coxsackievirus B4 has a cell tropism for natural killer cells and pancreatic islet cells.
Advances in extending the human lifespan have slowed in recent decades, leaving it unlikely many of today’s children will live to 100, a new analysis finds.