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Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).
Spondylolisthesis is when one spinal vertebra slips out of place compared to another. [1] While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum), [2] [3] it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any direction.
Plain film lateral x-rays can be used to evaluate for translations anteriorly (anterolisthesis) or posteriorly (retrolisthesis). Where plain films indicate the likelihood of these translations being significant, flexion-extension views can be utilized to determine the dynamic range of movement of joints.
Susning.nu: a Swedish online wiki started in 2001; anyone-can-edit encyclopedia until 2004; shut down in 2009; Svensk uppslagsbok (2 editions, 31 and 32 volumes, 1929–1955) Svenska uppslagsverk: [15] a comprehensive bibliography maintained by collector Christofer Psilander; Swedish Wikipedia (Svenskspråkiga Wikipedia)
Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine.Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica.
The initial requirement is that a person have at least one of the following three findings: [7] Arthritis. [7] Enthesitis. [7] Dactylitis. [7] If the person meets the previous requirements, they must exhibit at least one of Group A's spondyloarthritis features or two of Group B's spondyloarthritis features. [7] Group A spondyloarthritis ...
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Schmorl's nodes are fairly common, especially with minor degeneration of the aging spine, but they are also seen in younger spines. Schmorl's nodes often cause no symptoms, but may simply reflect that "wear and tear" of the spine has occurred over time; they may also reflect that bone strength was at one time somewhat compromised, perhaps due to a vitamin D deficiency although this has yet to ...