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In HTML DOM (Document Object Model), every element is a node: [4] A document is a document node. All HTML elements are element nodes. All HTML attributes are attribute nodes. Text inserted into HTML elements are text nodes. Comments are comment nodes.
In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
The SGML specification defines numerous entity types, which are distinguished by keyword qualifiers and context. An entity string value may variously consist of plain text, SGML tags, and/or references to previously defined entities. Certain entity types may also invoke external documents. Entities are called by reference.
HTML5 does not require one, but it is often added for compatibility with XHTML and XML processing. In a well-formed document, all elements are well-formed, and; a single element, known as the root element, contains all of the other elements in the document. For example, the code below is not well-formed HTML, because the em and strong elements ...
HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to ISO 8879 – SGML. [20] April 24, 1998 HTML 4.0 [21] was reissued with minor edits without incrementing the version number. December 24, 1999 HTML 4.01 [22] was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers the same three variations as HTML 4.0 and its last errata [23] were published on May 12, 2001 ...
But which set of entities? In particular, HTML5 doesn't indicate the DTD to be used (it's implicit, by defined HTML5 behaviour outside the normal XML or SGML parsing models). Clearly (by observation), Mediawiki passes HTML 4 entities through as entities but anything else (including HTML5 entities) are &ersand; escaped.
Predefined named character entities are similar to internal entities: 5 of them however are treated specially in all SGML, HTML and XML parsers. These entities are a bit different from normal parsed entities, because when a named character entity reference is encountered in the document, the reference is also replaced immediately by the ...
Its semantics and HTML implementation are similar to the soft hyphen, but soft hyphens display a hyphen character at the point where the line is broken. The zero-width space can be used to mark word breaks in languages without visible space between words, such as Thai , Myanmar , Khmer , and Japanese .