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The term bureaucracy originated in the French language: it combines the French word bureau – ' desk ' or ' office ' – with the Greek word κράτος (kratos) – ' rule ' or 'political power'. [7] The French economist Jacques Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay coined the word in the mid-18th century. [8]
Some historians of economics believe that he coined the phrase laissez faire, laissez passer. [1] Evidence was to be found when the French State parted the East India Company privilege (monopoly) on the slave trade. He is also credited with coining the term "bureaucracy".
In 1961 the term Eurocrat was coined by Richard Mayne, a journalist at the time. [9] A Eurocrat is a bureaucrat of the European Union. [10] [11] Modern Bureaucrat – The digital age and the Internet have revolutionized Bureaucrats and the modern Bureaucrat has a different skill set than before.
Political scientist George Friedman alleges that such a deep state has existed since 1871, when the president's power over federal employees was restricted. [12]Historian Alfred W. McCoy argued that the increase in the power of the United States Intelligence Community since the September 11 attacks "has built a fourth branch of the U.S. government" that is "in many ways autonomous from the ...
The term "methodological individualism" was coined in 1908 by the Austrian-American economist Joseph ... Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy was characterised ...
Diagram of the dynamics of the Iron Triangle of United States politics [1]. In United States politics, the "iron triangle" comprises the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy, and interest groups, [2] as described in 1981 by Gordon Adams.
Paul and Nancy Fong prepare meals for the lunch rush at the Chicago Cafe in Woodland. The family diner, established in 1903, was recently recognized as California's oldest Chinese restaurant.
Darcy K. Leach summarized them briefly as: "Bureaucracy happens. If bureaucracy happens, power rises. Power corrupts." [6] Any large organization, Michels pointed out, has to create a bureaucracy in order to maintain its efficiency as it becomes larger—many decisions have to be made daily that cannot be made by large numbers of disorganized ...