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High anion gap metabolic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap (a medical value based on the concentrations of ions in a patient's serum). Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid , or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.
The mnemonic "MUDPILES" is used to remember the causes of a high anion gap. [ 1 ] M - methanol / metformin U - uremia D - diabetic ketoacidosis P - paraldehyde / propylene glycol I - Infection / ischemia / isoniazid L - lactate E - ethylene glycol / ethanol S - salicylates / starvation
English: Causes of high anion-gap metabolic acidosis Mnemonic "CAT MUDPILES": Carbon monoxide, Cyanide, Congenital; heart failure Aminoglycosides; Teophylline, Toluene (Glue-sniffing)
The anion gap is the quantity difference between cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) in serum, plasma, or urine. The magnitude of this difference (i.e., "gap") in the serum is calculated to identify metabolic acidosis. If the gap is greater than normal, then high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed.
Elevated protein (albumin, globulins) may theoretically increase the anion gap but high levels are not usually encountered clinically. Hypoalbuminaemia, which is frequently encountered clinically, will mask an anion gap. As a rule of thumb, a decrease in serum albumin by 1 G/L will decrease the anion gap by 0.25 mmol/L [citation needed]
This is a list of mnemonics used in medicine and medical science, categorized and alphabetized. A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or impersonal information more accessible and meaningful, and therefore easier to remember; many of them are acronyms or initialisms which reduce a lengthy set of terms to a single ...
This list may not reflect recent changes. ... (mnemonic) List of firefighting mnemonics; ... High anion gap metabolic acidosis;
Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase in plasma chloride concentration [1] (see anion gap for a fuller explanation).