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Styrene is regarded as a "known carcinogen", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion and of inhalation, according to several sources. [20] [33] [34] [35] Styrene is largely metabolized into styrene oxide in humans, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450.
Residents near Cleves are being urged to leave their homes Tuesday afternoon because a rail car is leaking styrene. What to know about the chemical.
Humans are exposed to toxic chemicals and microplastics at all stages in the plastics life cycle. The effects of microplastics on human health are a growing concern and an actively increasing area of research. Tiny particles known as microplastics (MPs), have been found in various environmental and biological matrices, including air, water ...
[6] [20] Overall, these studies showed that polystyrene nanoparticles did not affect cell viability. [6] [20] Similarly, it is important to consider polystyrene toxicity in human models. The use of polystyrene has been under scrutiny by various international and local agencies due to the effects of polystyrene on the environment.
Side effects in humans [ edit ] The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2009) defined occupational exposure limits of 10 ppm for airborne concentrations of a-methylstyrene [ 7 ] based on allergic reactions and effects on the central nervous system.
Effects generally take hours to days. [1] They are also used to remove potassium, calcium, and sodium from solutions in technical applications. Common side effects include loss of appetite, gastrointestinal upset, constipation, and low blood calcium. [1] These polymers are derived from polystyrene by the addition of sulfonate functional groups.
Styrene is "generally found in such low levels in consumer products that risks aren't substantial". [110] Polystyrene which is used for food contact may not contain more than 1% (0.5% for fatty foods) of styrene by weight. [111] Styrene oligomers in polystyrene containers used for food packaging have been found to migrate into the food. [112]
IARC group 2B substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances are those that have been classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as [1] This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.