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  2. Sticky and blunt ends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_and_blunt_ends

    The simplest DNA end of a double stranded molecule is called a blunt end. Blunt ends are also known as non-cohesive ends. In a blunt-ended molecule, both strands terminate in a base pair. Blunt ends are not always desired in biotechnology since when using a DNA ligase to join two molecules into one, the yield is significantly lower with blunt ...

  3. Lambda phage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_phage

    Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli (E. coli). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950. [ 2 ]

  4. Optical sectioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_sectioning

    With no modification to the microscope, i.e. with a simple wide field light microscope, the quality of optical sectioning is governed by the same physics as the depth of field effect in photography. For a high numerical aperture lens, equivalent to a wide aperture, the depth of field is small (shallow focus) and gives good optical sectioning.

  5. Integration host factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_host_factor

    HU and integration host factor function as auxiliary proteins in cleavage of phage lambda cohesive ends by terminase is an academic journal written by the Department of Molecular Genetics. In their article, they created isogenic strains of E.coli that were lacking HU or integration host factors to test whether bacteriophage would grow under ...

  6. Point spread function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_spread_function

    By virtue of the linearity property of optical non-coherent imaging systems, i.e., . Image(Object 1 + Object 2) = Image(Object 1) + Image(Object 2). the image of an object in a microscope or telescope as a non-coherent imaging system can be computed by expressing the object-plane field as a weighted sum of 2D impulse functions, and then expressing the image plane field as a weighted sum of the ...

  7. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). The field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century.Earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century [2] but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 [3] [4] The ...

  8. Diffraction-limited system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction-limited_system

    Memorial in Jena, Germany to Ernst Karl Abbe, who approximated the diffraction limit of a microscope as = ⁡, where d is the resolvable feature size, λ is the wavelength of light, n is the index of refraction of the medium being imaged in, and θ (depicted as α in the inscription) is the half-angle subtended by the optical objective lens (representing the numerical aperture).

  9. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.