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The judicial system is structured in three levels with subsidiary parts. The Supreme Court is the top court and serves as the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. High Courts are the top judicial bodies in individual states, controlled and managed by state Chief Justices.
The e-Courts project [1] was conceptualized on the basis of the National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in the Indian Judiciary–2005 submitted by e-Committee (Supreme Court of India), with a vision to transform the Indian Judiciary by ICT enablement of Courts.
He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the constitution, all courts in India, including high courts – are bound by the judgements and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.
Permanent Lok Adalats are set up at the State Level in India, which in principle follows the Lok Adalat at the National level. The Permanent Lok Adalat is composed of a chairperson (who is a serving or a retired District and Sessions Judge or a Judicial Officer higher in the rank) and two other persons (or members performing judicial duties). [12]
It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which were then at the apex of the Indian court system. The first proceedings and inauguration, however, took place on 28 January 1950 at 9:45 am, when the judges took their seats; which is thus regarded as the official date of establishment.
The Implementation Agency is a consortium of a Systems Integrator - NSDL eGovernance Infrastructure Ltd and a company specializing in legal databases - Skorydov Systems Pvt Ltd. [14] [15] [16] The project is being implemented on a Public Private Partnership (PPP)model, where the technology risk has been passed on to the IA.
Subordinate courts, on the criminal side, in ascending order, are Second Class Judicial Magistrate Court, First Class Judicial Magistrate Court, Chief Judicial Magistrate Court. Certain matters on the criminal or civil sides cannot be tried by a court lower than the district court. The district court thus has original jurisdiction over these cases.
The legal system of India consists of civil law, common law, customary law, religious law and corporate law within the legal framework inherited from the colonial era and various legislation first introduced by the British are still in effect in modified forms today.