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The phylogeny of king crabs as hermit crabs who underwent secondary calcification and left their shell has been suspected since the late 1800s. [4] They are believed to have originated during the Early Miocene in shallow North Pacific waters, where most king crab genera – including all Hapalogastrinae – are distributed and where they exhibit a high amount of morphological diversity.
Maguimithrax spinosissimus, [2] also known as the Caribbean king crab, [3] West Indian spider crab, channel clinging crab, reef or spiny spider crab, and coral crab, is a species of spider crab that occurs throughout South Florida and across the Caribbean Islands.
Paralithodes brevipes (ハナサキガニ, Hanasakigani), [2] also known as the spiny king crab and sometimes the brown king crab, [3] is a species of king crab. [1] It has a limited distribution in cold, shallow waters as far south as the coast of Hokkaido, [4] where male-only fishing has damaged the reproductive success of the species, [5] up to as far north as the southwest Bering Sea.
Paralithodes rathbuni, the spiny king crab or California king crab, [2] [3] is a species of king crab. [1] It is closely related to P. californiensis , with the same common name California king crab being used for the two and some authorities suggest that they might be conspecific . [ 3 ]
Lithodes is a genus of king crabs. Today there are about 30 recognized species, but others formerly included in this genus have been moved to Neolithodes and Paralomis . [ 1 ] They are found in oceans around the world, ranging from shallow to deep waters, but mostly at depths of 100–1,000 m (300–3,300 ft).
The red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), also called Kamchatka crab or Alaskan king crab, is a species of king crab native to cold waters in the North Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas, but also introduced to the Barents Sea. It grows to a leg span of 1.8 m (5.9 ft), and is heavily targeted by fisheries.
A hermit crab emerges from its shell, Coenobita perlatus Outside its shell, the soft, curved abdomen of hermit crabs, such as Pagurus bernhardus, is vulnerable. Hermit crab species range in size and shape, from species only a few millimeters long to Coenobita brevimanus (Indos Crab), which can approach the size of a coconut and live 12–70 years.
Paralithodes is a genus of king crabs native to cold waters in the North Pacific Ocean, Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea and Sea of Japan, but with one species also introduced to far northern Europe. They are medium-large to very large king crabs, and some species are important to commercial fisheries . [ 1 ]