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  2. Data erasure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_erasure

    Data erasure tools can also target specific data on a disk for routine erasure, providing a hacking protection method that is less time-consuming than software encryption. Hardware/firmware encryption built into the drive itself or integrated controllers is a popular solution with no degradation in performance at all.

  3. Solid-state drive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive

    A Mushkin 1TB 2280 NVMe SSD. 2280 is the most common size for NVMe SSDs. However, 2230 NVMe SSDs are becoming more common to save space in the system board. A SSSTC 256GB 2230 NVMe SSD. Since 2020, Dell (and others) started to use 2230 SSDs in their laptops instead of the more common 2280 size to save space.

  4. Hot spare - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spare

    At the extreme, a complete system can be duplicated and kept up to date—so in the event of the primary system failing, the secondary system can be switched in with little or no interruption. More often, a hot spare is a single vital component without which the entire system would fail.

  5. Solid-state electronics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_electronics

    The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of ...

  6. Write amplification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_amplification

    Many SSD controllers implement background garbage collection (BGC), sometimes called idle garbage collection or idle-time garbage collection (ITGC), where the controller uses idle time to consolidate blocks of flash memory before the host needs to write new data. This enables the performance of the device to remain high.

  7. Hard disk drive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive

    [19] [failed verification] The capacity of a hard disk drive, as reported by an operating system to the end user, is smaller than the amount stated by the manufacturer for several reasons, e.g. the operating system using some space, use of some space for data redundancy, space use for file system structures.

  8. File system fragmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_fragmentation

    File system fragmentation is more problematic with consumer-grade hard disk drives because of the increasing disparity between sequential access speed and rotational latency (and to a lesser extent seek time) on which file systems are usually placed. [8] Thus, fragmentation is an important problem in file system research and design.

  9. Hard disk drive failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive_failure

    Unpredictable breakdown may occur at any time in normal use, with potential loss of all data. Recovery of some or even all data from a damaged drive is sometimes, but not always possible, and is normally costly. A 2007 study published by Google suggested very little correlation between failure rates and either high temperature or activity level ...