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The simplest phase diagrams are pressure–temperature diagrams of a single simple substance, such as water. The axes correspond to the pressure and temperature. The phase diagram shows, in pressure–temperature space, the lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries between the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas.
For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na + (aq) + Cl − (aq). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, water. [1] [2] As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent ...
English: Phase diagram of water as a log-lin chart with pressure from 1 Pa to 1 TPa and temperature from 0 K to 660 K, compiled from data in and . Note that the phases of Ice X and XI (hexagonal) differ from the diagram in .
English: A modification of File:Phase-diag.svg with an adjusted water solid-liquid coexistence: A typical phase diagram for a single-component material, exhibiting solid, liquid and gaseous phases. The solid green line shows the usual shape of the liquid-solid phase line. The dotted green line shows the anomalous behavior of water.
Phase diagram of water–NaCl mixture. The attraction between the Na + and Cl − ions in the solid is so strong that only highly polar solvents like water dissolve NaCl well. When dissolved in water, the sodium chloride framework disintegrates as the Na + and Cl − ions become surrounded by polar water molecules.
The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 °C. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fifth column is the work P Δ V done by each gram of liquid that changes to vapor.
A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]
Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.