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The liquid–liquid critical point of a solution, which occurs at the critical solution temperature, occurs at the limit of the two-phase region of the phase diagram. In other words, it is the point at which an infinitesimal change in some thermodynamic variable (such as temperature or pressure) leads to separation of the mixture into two ...
The critical point remains a point on the surface even on a 3D phase diagram. An orthographic projection of the 3D p – v – T graph showing pressure and temperature as the vertical and horizontal axes collapses the 3D plot into the standard 2D pressure–temperature diagram.
Water phase diagram. Y-axis=Pressure in pascals (10 n). X-axis=Temperature in kelvins. S=Solid; L=Liquid; V=Vapour, CP=Critical Point, TP=Triple Point: Date: September 2006: Source: Own work: Author: Eurico Zimbres: Permission (Reusing this file) Free for all use: Other versions: phase diagram with description but without units of measurement
Up to 99.63 °C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. Note that the boiling point of 100.0 °C is at a pressure of 0.101325 MPa (1 atm), which is the average atmospheric pressure.
A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]
At the phase transition point for a substance, for instance the boiling point, the two phases involved - liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Below the boiling point, the liquid is the more stable state of the two, whereas above the boiling point the gaseous form is the more stable.
English: A modification of File:Phase-diag.svg with an adjusted water solid-liquid coexistence: A typical phase diagram for a single-component material, exhibiting solid, liquid and gaseous phases. The solid green line shows the usual shape of the liquid-solid phase line. The dotted green line shows the anomalous behavior of water.
For instance, in supercooled water, two types of local structures have been predicted: a low-density local configuration (LD) and a high-density local configuration (HD), so above the critical pressure, the liquid is composed by a majority of HD local structure, while below the critical pressure a higher fraction of LD local configurations is ...