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Cud is a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach to the mouth to be chewed for the second time. More precisely, it is a bolus of semi-degraded food regurgitated from the reticulorumen of a ruminant. Cud is produced during the physical digestive process of rumination. [1]
The chewing of cud by animals such as cows, goats, and giraffes is considered normal behavior. These animals are known as ruminants. [8] Such behavior, though termed rumination, is not related to human rumination syndrome, but is ordinary. Involuntary rumination, similar to what is seen in humans, has been described in gorillas and other ...
A water buffalo chewing cud. Chewing is primarily an unconscious (semi-autonomic) act, but can be mediated by higher conscious input.The motor program for mastication is a hypothesized central nervous system function by which the complex patterns governing mastication are created and controlled.
This is compensated for by continuous tooth growth throughout the ruminant's life, as opposed to humans or other nonruminants, whose teeth stop growing after a particular age. Most ruminants do not have upper incisors; instead, they have a thick dental pad to thoroughly chew plant-based food. [28]
The hare, for chewing the cud without having cloven hooves. [2] [5] The pig, for having cloven hooves without chewing the cud. [6] [7] While camels possess a single stomach, and are thus not true ruminants, they do chew cud; additionally, camels do not have hooves at all, but rather separate toes on individual toe pads, with hoof-like toenails.
The Torah (Pentateuch) contains passages in Leviticus that list the animals people are permitted to eat. According to Leviticus 11:3, animals like cows, sheep, and deer that have divided hooves and chew their cud may be consumed. Pigs should not be eaten because they do not chew their cud.
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In humans it can be voluntary or involuntary, the latter being due to a small number of disorders. Regurgitation of a person's meals following ingestion is known as rumination syndrome, an uncommon and often misdiagnosed motility disorder that affects eating. It may be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [4]