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  2. Invariant (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_(mathematics)

    The phrases "invariant under" and "invariant to" a transformation are both used. More generally, an invariant with respect to an equivalence relation is a property that is constant on each equivalence class. [3] Invariants are used in diverse areas of mathematics such as geometry, topology, algebra and discrete mathematics. Some important ...

  3. Invariant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant

    Invariant (mathematics), a property of a mathematical object that is not changed by a specific operation or transformation Rotational invariance , the property of function whose value does not change when arbitrary rotations are applied to its argument

  4. Fixed point (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_point_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically, for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function. Any set of fixed points of a transformation is also an invariant set.

  5. Covariance and contravariance of vectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contra...

    The single, scalar value of mass is independent to changes in basis vectors and consequently is called invariant. The magnitude of a vector (such as distance ) is another example of an invariant, because it remains fixed even if geometrical vector components vary.

  6. Invariants of tensors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariants_of_tensors

    In mathematics, in the fields of multilinear algebra and representation theory, the principal invariants of the second rank tensor are the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial [1]

  7. Invariant theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_theory

    Classically, the term "invariant theory" refers to the study of invariant algebraic forms (equivalently, symmetric tensors) for the action of linear transformations. This was a major field of study in the latter part of the nineteenth century.

  8. Invariant subspace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_subspace

    In mathematics, an invariant subspace of a linear mapping T : V → V i.e. from some vector space V to itself, is a subspace W of V that is preserved by T. More generally, an invariant subspace for a collection of linear mappings is a subspace preserved by each mapping individually.

  9. Normal subgroup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_subgroup

    A subgroup of a group is called a normal subgroup of if it is invariant under conjugation; that is, the conjugation of an element of by an element of is always in . [3] The usual notation for this relation is N G {\displaystyle N\triangleleft G} .