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  2. Amethyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

    Amethyst. Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω ( Ancient Greek) methysko / μεθώ metho ( Modern Greek ), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. [1] Ancient Greeks wore amethyst and ...

  3. Jet (gemstone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)

    Jet (gemstone) Jet is a type of lignite, [1] the lowest rank of coal, and is a gemstone. Unlike many gemstones, jet is not a mineral, but is rather a mineraloid. [2] It is derived from wood that has changed under extreme pressure. The English noun jet derives from the French word for the same material, jaiet (modern French jais ), ultimately ...

  4. Tanzanite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanite

    In its rough state tanzanite is coloured a reddish brown to clear, and it requires heat treatment to remove the brownish "veil" and bring out the blue violet of the stone. The gemstone was given the name "tanzanite" by Tiffany & Co. after Tanzania, the country in which it was discovered. The scientific name of "blue-violet zoisite" was not ...

  5. Marcasite jewellery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery

    Marcasite jewellery is jewellery made using cut and polished pieces of pyrite (fool's gold) as gemstone, and not, as the name suggests, from marcasite. [1] Both pyrite and marcasite are chemically iron sulfide, but differ in their crystal structures, giving them different physical properties. Pyrite is more stable and less brittle than marcasite.

  6. Asterism (gemology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterism_(gemology)

    A purple-pink star sapphire displaying asterism in a platinum ring. An asterism (from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) 'star', and -ism) is a star-shaped concentration of light reflected or refracted from a gemstone. It can appear when a suitable stone is cut en cabochon (i.e. shaped and polished, not faceted ). A gemstone that exhibits this ...

  7. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including ( clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

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