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  2. Karyotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype

    Humans have one pair fewer chromosomes than the great apes. Human chromosome 2 appears to have resulted from the fusion of two ancestral chromosomes, and many of the genes of those two original chromosomes have been translocated to other chromosomes. Differences in number and position of satellites. Satellites are small bodies attached to a ...

  3. Genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variation

    Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals [1] or the differences between populations among the same species. [2] The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. [3] Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as ...

  4. Genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see Genetics (journal). For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the Meghan Trainor ...

  5. Human genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

    Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. The human genome has a total length of approximately 3.2 billion base pairs (bp) in 46 chromosomes of DNA as well as slightly under 17,000 bp DNA in cellular mitochondria.

  6. Genotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype

    Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location. [2] The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome found in that species, also referred to as ploidy. In diploid species like humans, two full sets of ...

  7. Introduction to genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_genetics

    Genes are like sentences made of the "letters" of the nucleotide alphabet, between them genes direct the physical development and behavior of an organism. Genes are like a recipe or instruction book, providing information that an organism needs so it can build or do something - like making an eye or a leg, or repairing a wound.

  8. Cognitive genomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_genomics

    Comparative transcriptomic analyses conducted on primate brains to measure gene expression levels have shown significant differences between human and chimpanzee genomes. [4] The evo-geno approach was also used to verify the theory that humans and non-human primates share similar expression levels in energy metabolism-related genes which have ...

  9. Genetic linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_linkage

    Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart.