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Leak channels account for the natural permeability of the membrane to ions and take the form of the equation for voltage-gated channels, where the conductance is a constant. Thus, the leak current due to passive leak ion channels in the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism is I l = g l e a k ( V − V l e a k ) {\displaystyle I_{l}=g_{leak}(V-V_{leak})} .
Tissue clearing is usually useful only combined with one or more fluorescent labeling techniques such as immunolabeling and subsequently imaged, most often by optical sectioning microscopy techniques. [1] [5] [6] Tissue clearing has been applied to many areas in biological research. [7]
Membrane channels are a family of biological membrane proteins which allow the passive movement of ions (ion channels), water or other solutes to passively pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient. They are studied using a range of channelomics experimental and mathematical
[33] [34] [35] However, connexin genes do not code directly for the expression of gap junction channels; genes can produce only the proteins that make up gap junction channels. An alternative naming system based on the protein's molecular weight is the most widely used (for example, connexin43=GJA1, connexin30.3=GJB4).
Light-activated proteins: channels, pumps and enzymes The hallmark of optogenetics therefore is introduction of fast light-activated channels, pumps, and enzymes that allow temporally precise manipulation of electrical and biochemical events while maintaining cell-type resolution through the use of specific targeting mechanisms.
Metabolite channeling [1] is the passing of the intermediary metabolic product of one enzyme directly to another enzyme or active site without its release into solution. When several consecutive enzymes of a metabolic pathway channel substrates between themselves, [2] this is called a metabolon. [3]
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The force interacts with a property of the sample, thereby the separation occurs, in other words, the components show differing "mobilities" under the force exerted by the crossing field. As an example, for the hydraulic, or cross-flow FFF method, the property driving separation is the translational diffusion coefficient or the hydrodynamic ...