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Butler's experimental design was a form of isolated passive solar design that incorporated a passive heat distribution system. It attempted to address the problem of unequal distribution of heat that was associated with some direct gain systems. . This phenomenon is observed particularly in designs with inadequate thermal mass, poor cross ...
In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.
While passive solar techniques can reduce annual heating demand up to 25%, [19] specifically using a Trombe wall in building can reduce a building's energy consumption up to 30% in addition to being environmentally friendly. [20] Similarly, the energy heating savings of 16.36% can be achieved if a Trombe wall was added to the building envelope ...
Solar gain (also known as solar heat gain or passive solar gain) is the increase in thermal energy of a space, object or structure as it absorbs incident solar radiation. The amount of solar gain a space experiences is a function of the total incident solar irradiance and of the ability of any intervening material to transmit or resist the ...
The term passive house has had at least two meanings in the literature. Its earlier meaning, used since the 1970s, was for a low-energy building designed to exploit passive solar technologies and establish a comfortable indoor temperature with a low-energy requirement for heating or cooling.
In the United States, interest in passive solar building design was significantly stimulated by the 1973 oil crisis. [10] Dozens of pattern books were published in this period, including the Passive Solar Energy Book by Edward Mazria. [11] In 1977, the U.S. Department of Energy was created, and in 1978 Solar Energy Tax credits were provided.
A Trombe wall is a passive solar heating and ventilation system consisting of an air channel sandwiched between a window and a sun-facing thermal mass. During the ventilation cycle, sunlight stores heat in the thermal mass and warms the air channel causing circulation through vents at the top and bottom of the wall.
Brise-soleil can comprise a variety of permanent sun-shading structures, ranging from the simple patterned concrete walls popularized by Le Corbusier in the Palace of Assembly [3] to the elaborate wing-like mechanism devised by Santiago Calatrava for the Milwaukee Art Museum [4] or the mechanical, pattern-creating devices of the Institut du Monde Arabe by Jean Nouvel.