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Electoral fraud in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں انتخابی دھاندلی) has history intertwined with military interventions and legal obstacles against political dissenters, impacting the democratic process. [1]
Fraud involves using deception to convince the owner of funds or assets to give them up to an unauthorized party. Examples include the misdirection of company funds into "shadow companies" (and then into the pockets of corrupt employees), the skimming of foreign aid money, scams, electoral fraud and other corrupt activity.
The Ehtesab Act, 1997 established an Ehtesab Cell, charged with the investigation and prosecution of corruption. [1]Under the National Accountability Ordinance, 1999, the NAB was established as the cell's successor, and given the additional responsibility of preventing and raising awareness of corruption. [2]
Organised crime in Pakistan includes fraud, racketeering, drug trafficking, smuggling, money laundering, extortion, ransom, political violence, etc. Terrorist attacks became common during the 2000s, especially in North-West Frontier Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Balochistan, Karachi and Lahore.
Section 380(1) of the Criminal Code provides the general definition of fraud in Canada: 380. (1) Every one who, by deceit, falsehood or other fraudulent means, whether or not it is a false pretence within the meaning of this Act, defrauds the public or any person, whether ascertained or not, of any property, money or valuable security or any ...
Agha Hasan Abedi was born in Lucknow, British India, to a Urdu Speaking Muhajir middle class family with members who served as advisors and courtiers to the Nawab of Awadh. [4] He received a master's degree in English literature and a law degree from Lucknow University. [6] Abedi migrated to Pakistan after the creation of Pakistan in 1947. [4]
In law, fraud is an intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. [1]
Counterfeit Brazilian real banknotes. Counterfeit money is currency that is produced without the legal sanction of the state or government; this is a crime in all jurisdictions of the world.