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The handicap principle is supported by game theory modelling representing situations such as nestlings begging for food, predator-deterrent signalling, and threat displays. However, honest signals are not necessarily costly, undermining the theoretical basis for the handicap principle, which remains unconfirmed by empirical evidence.
Bird-in-Hand Hotel, a historic hotel built in 1852; Bird in Hand winery near Woodside in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia, Australia; Bird-in-Hand mine a historic gold mine after which the winery is named; Bird in Hand, a painting by Ellen Gallagher, in the collection of the Tate Modern in London, United Kingdom; Bird in Hand, a play by ...
The use of bird skins to document species has been a standard part of systematic ornithology. Bird skins are prepared by retaining the key bones of the wings, legs, and skull along with the skin and feathers. In the past, they were treated with arsenic to prevent fungal and insect (mostly dermestid) attack.
The hiding hand principle is a theory that offers a framework to examine how ignorance (particularly concerning future obstacles when person first decides to take on a project) intersects with rational choice to undertake a project; the intersection is seen to provoke creative success over the obstacles through the deduction that it is too late to abandon the project.
Interaction theory supports the notion of the direct perception of the other's intentions and emotions during intersubjective encounters. Gallagher [7] [8] argues that most of what we need for our understanding of others is based on our interactions and perceptions, and that very little mindreading occurs or is required in our day-to-day ...
The name "boid" corresponds to a shortened version of "bird-oid object", which refers to a bird-like object. [ 8 ] As with most artificial life simulations, Boids is an example of emergent behavior; that is, the complexity of Boids arises from the interaction of individual agents (the boids, in this case) adhering to a set of simple rules.
The California scrub jay hides caches of food and will later re-hide food if it was watched by another bird the first time, but only if the bird hiding the food has itself stolen food before from a cache. [72] A male Eurasian jay takes into account which food his bonded partner prefers to eat when feeding her during courtship feeding rituals. [73]
In other words, the Vanishing hand theory states that initially the Visible hand is present as industries require managerial cooperation and vertical integration for long term growth, but eventually fades away to a more Invisible hand in which specialization allows for market forces to coordinate more effectively leading to a quasi-Smithian ...