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Dantrolene sodium, sold under the brand name Dantrium among others, is a postsynaptic muscle relaxant that lessens excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It achieves this by inhibiting Ca 2+ ions release from sarcoplasmic reticulum stores by antagonizing ryanodine receptors . [ 8 ]
These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
After the widespread introduction of treatment with dantrolene, the mortality of malignant hyperthermia fell from 80% in the 1960s to less than 5%. [5] Dantrolene remains the only drug known to be effective in the treatment of MH. [30] The recommended dose of dantrolene is 2.5 mg/kg, repeated as necessary. [5]
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [5] [6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotics (neuroleptic) or other drugs that block the effects of dopamine. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Symptoms include high fever , confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [ 1 ]
This category contains those articles about the side effects of medications. Some side effects are not adverse. For example, the anti-depressant Welbutrin helps some to quit smoking. Other beneficial side effects of medications can be weight loss. A side effect of insulin is that it removes potassium ions from the blood stream and into cells.
No drug has been shown to be better than another, and all of them have adverse effects, particularly dizziness and drowsiness. [ 14 ] [ 16 ] Concerns about possible abuse and interaction with other drugs, especially if increased sedation is a risk, further limit their use. [ 14 ]
Very rare adverse effects of olanzapine (that are necessarily causally related), occurring less than 0.01%, include: Agranulocytosis, a potentially fatal drop in white blood cell count, basically an exaggerated form of leukopaenia. Thrombocytopaenia. A drop in blood platelet counts which are involved in blood clotting.
All medicines may have adverse effect on patients; some serious adverse effects of anesthesia may be caused by inhalational anesthetic, although in general these medicines are highly safe and useful. [18] Using the correct amount of balanced anesthetic agents, the adverse effects can be reduced to some extent. [18]