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Computing the position of a particular unique tuple or matrix in a de Bruijn sequence or torus is known as the de Bruijn decoding problem. Efficient O ( n log n ) {\displaystyle \color {Blue}O(n\log n)} decoding algorithms exist for special, recursively constructed sequences [ 17 ] and extend to the two-dimensional case.
Viterbi decoding allows asymptotically optimal decoding efficiency with increasing constraint length of the convolutional code, but at the expense of exponentially increasing complexity. A convolutional code that is terminated is also a 'block code' in that it encodes a block of input data, but the block size of a convolutional code is ...
Shannon's diagram of a general communications system, showing the process by which a message sent becomes the message received (possibly corrupted by noise). seq2seq is an approach to machine translation (or more generally, sequence transduction) with roots in information theory, where communication is understood as an encode-transmit-decode process, and machine translation can be studied as a ...
As with ideal observer decoding, a convention must be agreed to for non-unique decoding. The maximum likelihood decoding problem can also be modeled as an integer programming problem. [1] The maximum likelihood decoding algorithm is an instance of the "marginalize a product function" problem which is solved by applying the generalized ...
If a byte of data to be encoded is 10011010, then the data word (using _ to represent the parity bits) would be __1_001_1010, and the code word is 011100101010. The choice of the parity, even or odd, is irrelevant but the same choice must be used for both encoding and decoding. This general rule can be shown visually:
The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]
In Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and German, vowels are rarely repeated, and it is usually obvious when one character gets corrupted, e.g. the second letter in the Swedish word kärlek ("love") when it is encoded in UTF-8 but decoded in Western, producing "kärlek", or für in German, which becomes "für". This way, even though the reader ...
If more than () / transmission errors occur, the receiver cannot uniquely decode the received word in general as there might be several possible codewords. One way for the receiver to cope with this situation is to use list decoding, in which the decoder outputs a list of all codewords in a certain radius.