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Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from precursors called monoblasts, bipotent cells that differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells. [5] Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days and then typically migrate into tissues throughout the body where they differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells.
The monocyte is formed in the bone marrow and transported by the blood; it migrates into the tissues, where it transforms into a histiocyte or a macrophage. Macrophages are diffusely scattered in the connective tissue and in liver (Kupffer cells), spleen and lymph nodes (sinus histiocytes), lungs (alveolar macrophages), and central nervous ...
T H 1 cells also help recruit more monocytes, the precursor to macrophages, to the infection site. T H 1 secretion TNF-α and LT-α to make blood vessels easier for monocytes to bind to and exit. [34] T H 1 secretion of CCL2 as a chemoattractant for monocytes. IL-3 and GM-CSF released by T H 1 cells stimulate more monocyte production in the ...
The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
Monocytes will then develop into macrophages or dendritic cells upon tissue damage and recruitment of monocytes into the infected area. [1] During recruitment monocytes are distinct from macrophages and dendritic cells, but upon entering the infected area, monocytes will acquire inflammatory effector functions and then differentiate into ...
Recognition of this MHC:antigen complex is aided by a co-receptor on the T cell, called CD8. The T cell then travels throughout the body in search of cells where the MHC I receptors bear this antigen. When an activated T cell contacts such cells, it releases cytotoxins, such as perforin, which form pores in the target cell's plasma membrane ...
However, the term histiocyte has been used for multiple purposes in the past, and some cells called "histocytes" do not appear to derive from monocytic-macrophage lines. [3] The term Histiocyte can also simply refer to a cell from monocyte origin outside the blood system, such as in a tissue (as in rheumatoid arthritis as palisading histiocytes ...
Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have long outgrowths called dendrites, [87] that help to engulf microbes and other invaders. [88] [89] Dendritic cells are present in the tissues that are in contact with the external environment, mainly the skin, the inner lining of the nose, the lungs, the stomach, and the ...