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The dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation (DMM) is a biopsychosocial model describing the effect attachment relationships can have on human development and functioning. It is especially focused on the effects of relationships between children and parents and between reproductive couples.
Attachment theory has been crucial in highlighting the importance of social relationships in dynamic rather than fixed terms. [228] Attachment theory can also inform decisions made in social work, especially in humanistic social work (Petru Stefaroi), [235] [236] and court processes about foster care or other placements. Considering the child's ...
Attachment in children is "a biological instinct in which proximity to an attachment figure is sought when the child senses or perceives threat or discomfort ...
Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, was the first to suggest that attachment is a result of the mother fulfilling her infant's physiological needs. [3] Eventually, the infant begins to comprehend that the mother is the primary caregiver, becoming attached through the feeding process.
The definition of attachment varies by theory and within theory branches. [2] Theories vary in the breadth of issues which are or can be identified. This relates in part to the amount and quality of assessment methods the theory relies on. Broadly, attachment describes a human system to support survival, reproduction, and protection of progeny.
Attachment models are typically generated from the schools of developmental science or social psychology, although both emanate from the Bowlby-Ainsworth framework. [2] Ainsworth's Strange Situation Procedure was the first formal attachment assessment, and is still in wide use. Each school, while having the same foundation, may be studying ...
She designed the strange situation procedure to observe early emotional attachment between a child and their primary caregiver. A 2002 Review of General Psychology survey ranked Ainsworth as the 97th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. [2] Many of Ainsworth's studies are "cornerstones" of modern-day attachment theory. [3] [4]
In particular, in Western countries object attachments were indeed found to be common, [18] with rates reaching as high as 60%. [18] In a study conducted by Michael Hong, it was found that around 50% of American children and only around 20% of Korean children developed an attachment to a blanket or an equivalent type of primary transitional ...