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The Gauss-Legendre methods are implicit, so in general they cannot be applied exactly. Instead one makes an educated guess of , and then uses Newton's method to converge arbitrarily close to the true solution. Below is a Matlab function which implements the Gauss-Legendre method of order four.
Carl Friedrich Gauss was the first to derive the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule, doing so by a calculation with continued fractions in 1814. [4] He calculated the nodes and weights to 16 digits up to order n=7 by hand. Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi discovered the connection between the quadrature rule and the orthogonal family of Legendre polynomials.
In mathematics, a collocation method is a method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and integral equations.The idea is to choose a finite-dimensional space of candidate solutions (usually polynomials up to a certain degree) and a number of points in the domain (called collocation points), and to select that solution which satisfies the ...
This exact rule is known as the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule. The quadrature rule will only be an accurate approximation to the integral above if f (x) is well-approximated by a polynomial of degree 2n − 1 or less on [−1, 1]. The Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule is not typically used for integrable functions with endpoint singularities ...
The result of fitting a set of data points with a quadratic function Conic fitting a set of points using least-squares approximation. In regression analysis, least squares is a parameter estimation method based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the results of each ...
The Gauss–Legendre method with s stages has order 2s, so its stability function is the Padé approximant with m = n = s. It follows that the method is A-stable. [34] This shows that A-stable Runge–Kutta can have arbitrarily high order. In contrast, the order of A-stable linear multistep methods cannot exceed two. [35]
The Gauss–Legendre algorithm is an algorithm to compute the digits of π. It is notable for being rapidly convergent, with only 25 iterations producing 45 million correct digits of π . However, it has some drawbacks (for example, it is computer memory -intensive) and therefore all record-breaking calculations for many years have used other ...
The equation has two linearly independent solutions. At each of the three singular points 0, 1, ∞, there are usually two special solutions of the form x s times a holomorphic function of x, where s is one of the two roots of the indicial equation and x is a local variable vanishing at a regular singular point. This gives 3 × 2 = 6 special ...