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Many forms of pemphigus can be identified in dogs using methods similar to those employed for humans. [14] Pemphigus vulgaris is rare in humans and animals, but is often fatal if left untreated. In dogs, the disease presents itself so similarly to the way it occurs in humans that dogs can be used as models for the disease in humans. [4]
Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune disorder stemming from an underlying tumor. It is hypothesized that antigens associated with the tumor trigger an immune response resulting in blistering of the skin and mucous membranes .
Substrates used in indirect immunofluorescence studies for the different pemphigus variants Pemphigus variant Substrate Pemphigus foliaceous: Guinea pig esophagus Pemphigus vulgaris: Monkey esophagus IgA pemphigus: Cultured skin Paraneoplastic pemphigus: Rat bladder
Symptomatic features of paraneoplastic syndrome cultivate in four ways: endocrine, neurological, mucocutaneous, and hematological.The most common presentation is a fever (release of endogenous pyrogens often related to lymphokines or tissue pyrogens), but the overall picture will often include several clinical cases observed which may specifically simulate more common benign conditions.
Mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris: IgG: Desmoglein 3 Desmoglein 1: 130 160 Pemphigus foliaceus: IgG: Desmoglein 1: 160 Paraneoplastic pemphigus: IgG: Desmoglein 3 Desmoglein 1 BPAG1 [nb 1] Plectin Desmoplakin I [nb 2] Desmoplakin II Envoplakin Periplakin Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like-1: 130 160 230 500 250 210 210 190 170 Drug-induced pemphigus ...
Pemphigus foliaceus is the most common autoimmune disease of the dog. [1] Blisters in the epidermis rapidly break to form crusts and erosions, most often affecting the face and ears initially, but in some cases spreading to include the whole body. The paw pads can be affected, causing marked hyperkeratosis (thickening of the pads with scale).
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[6] [1] Nikolsky's sign (gentle lateral pressure) on unaffected mucosa or skin raises a bulla. If no lesions are present on examination it may be useful way of demonstrating reduced epithelial adhesion. In contrast, in Pemphigus, the epithelium tends to disintegrate rather than form a bulla.