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In contrast, direct current (DC) refers to a system in which the movement of electric charge in only one direction (sometimes called unidirectional flow). Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type.
Direct current may be converted into alternating current via an inverter. Direct current has many uses, from the charging of batteries to large power supplies for electronic systems, motors, and more. Very large quantities of electrical energy provided via direct-current are used in smelting of aluminum and other electrochemical processes.
Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative. [ 46 ] : 11 If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction.
It is defined as the current through the battery divided by the theoretical current draw under which the battery would deliver its nominal rated capacity in one hour. [51] It has the units h −1. Because of internal resistance loss and the chemical processes inside the cells, a battery rarely delivers nameplate rated capacity in only one hour.
Standby power, also called vampire power [1], vampire draw, phantom load, ghost load, or leaking electricity, refers to how electronic and electrical appliances consume electric power. At the same time, they are switched off (but are designed to draw some power) or in standby mode. It only occurs because some devices claim to be "switched off ...
Note that incandescent light bulbs from flashlights are not used because the lemon battery is not designed to produce enough electric current to light them. Such a battery typically produces 0.001 A (1 mA) of current at a potential difference of 0.7 V; these values are multiplied together to determine the overall power of 0.0007 W (0.7 mW).
A service charge is a fee that can be assessed to cover the actual service provided to a customer, or for administrative or processing costs related to the product or service the customer is ...
Light: Energy produced by light being absorbed by photoelectric cells, or solar power. Chemical: Energy produced by chemical reaction in a voltaic cell, such as an electric battery. Pressure: Energy produced by compressing or decompressing specific crystals. Magnetism: Energy produced in a conductor that cuts or is cut by magnetic lines of ...