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Tail flick test apparatus. The tail flick test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the hot plate test. It is used in basic pain research and to measure the effectiveness of analgesics, by observing the reaction to heat. It was first described by D'Amour and Smith in 1941. [1]
In contrast to the tail flick assay, rodents are often unrestrained while the radiant heat source is focused on the hindpaw. Cut-off latency for the Hargreaves assay is commonly set at 10 seconds. [7] The main advantage of this test over the tail flick assay is that it allows independent assessment of treatment effects on both sides of the body ...
The house mouse is best identified by the sharp notch in its upper front teeth. Skull of Mus musculus - MHNT. House mice have an adult body length (nose to base of tail) of 7.5–10 centimetres (3–4 in) and a tail length of 5–10 cm (2–4 in).
The hot plate test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the tail flick test. Both hot plate and tail-flick methods are used generally for centrally acting analgesic, [1] while peripherally acting drugs are ineffective in these tests but sensitive to acetic acid-induced writhing test. [2] The hot plate test is used in basic pain ...
These came with 74 in (1,880 mm) diameter drivers and 310 psi (2.1 MPa) boiler pressure, making these ATSF 2-10-4 s the fastest and most modern of all. Of the original order of ten, five were oil-burning and five coal-burning, but when Santa Fe ordered 25 more for delivery in 1944, all were delivered equipped to burn oil.
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The main strength of the tail suspension test is its predictive validity– performance on the test can be altered by drugs that improve depressive symptoms in people. Specifically, if antidepressant agents are administered before the test, the animal will struggle for a longer period of time than if not and exhibit more escape behaviors. [1]
Analgesia is usually determined by the hot plate or tail immersion test. In the hot plate test, the mouse is placed on a heated plate, typically between 54 and 58°C. An experimenter measures the time it takes for the animal to raise its feet or jump off of the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the mouse is immobilized and its tail is ...