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Cell culture in a small Petri dish Epithelial cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. [3] Cell biology is the study of the structural and functional units of cells. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and has many subtopics which may include the study of cell metabolism , cell communication , cell cycle ...
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
In cellular biology, a somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. [1]
Modern evidence suggests that early cellular evolution occurred in a biological realm radically distinct from modern biology. It is thought that in this ancient realm, the current genetic role of DNA was largely filled by RNA, and catalysis was also largely mediated by RNA (that is, by ribozyme counterparts of enzymes).
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life forms: . A life form (also spelled life-form or lifeform) is an entity that is living, [1] [2] such as plants (), animals (), and fungi ().
The eukaryotes (/ j uː ˈ k ær i oʊ t s,-ə t s / yoo-KARR-ee-ohts, -əts) [4] constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.All animals, plants, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
The term stem cell was coined by Theodor Boveri and Valentin Haecker in late 19th century. [8] Pioneering works in theory of blood stem cell were conducted in the beginning of 20th century by Artur Pappenheim, Alexander A. Maximow, Franz Ernst Christian Neumann.