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Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium (K +) in the blood serum. [1] Mild low potassium does not typically cause symptoms. [3] Symptoms may include feeling tired, leg cramps, weakness, and constipation. [1] Low potassium also increases the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm, which is often too slow and can cause cardiac arrest. [1] [3]
Low potassium is caused by increased excretion of potassium, decreased consumption of potassium rich foods, movement of potassium into the cells, or certain endocrine diseases. [3] Excretion is the most common cause of hypokalemia and can be caused by diuretic use, metabolic acidosis , diabetic ketoacidosis , hyperaldosteronism , and renal ...
Gitelman syndrome; Other names: Primary renal tubular hypokalemic hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria: A model of transport mechanisms in the distal convoluted tubule.Sodium chloride (NaCl) enters the cell via the apical thiazide-sensitive NCC and leaves the cell through the basolateral Cl − channel (ClC-Kb), and the Na + /K +-ATPase.
Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate (HCO − 3), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoKPP), also known as familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (FHPP), [1] is a rare, autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by muscle weakness or paralysis when there is a fall in potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia).
Hypokalemia, a deficiency of potassium in the plasma, can be fatal if severe. Common causes are increased gastrointestinal loss ( vomiting , diarrhea ), and increased renal loss ( diuresis ). [ 97 ] Deficiency symptoms include muscle weakness, paralytic ileus , ECG abnormalities, decreased reflex response; and in severe cases, respiratory ...
Chronic administration of thiazides is associated with the increase of insulin resistance which can lead to hyperglycemia. [28] Thiazides cause loss of blood potassium, while conserving blood calcium. [citation needed] Thiazides can decrease placental perfusion and adversely affect the fetus, so should be avoided in pregnancy. [27] [29]
For the medical condition in humans, see hypokalemia; Potassium deficiency (plants), the disorder in plants This page was last edited on 29 ...